For the first time, the European Commission completed an investigation under the International Procurement Instrument (IPI) and implemented measures to limit the participation of economic operators from non-EU countries – in this particular case, China – in the EU public procurement market. After EU suppliers of medical devices have arguably been denied fair access to Chinese government contract opportunities for years, the EU has now responded with Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/1197 that requires contracting authorities/entities in all EU member states to exclude Chinese suppliers – and to a certain extent products manufactured in China – from larger public procurement contracts for medical devices.