On 28 September 2023, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) issued Federal Law No. 36 of 2023 (“New Competition Law”), which repealed and replaced Federal Law No. 4 of 2012. The New Competition Law signals a new era of enforcement by the UAE Ministry of Economy by providing a functional competition regime through, inter alia: extending a wider scope of application to almost all economic activities; expanding its mandate by prohibiting new conducts and introducing a new dominance test; and finally introducing administrative penalties and stricter financial penalties. The New Competition Law will officially enter into force on 28 December 2023, with the executive regulation to be published within six months thereafter.
On 3 July 2023, the UAE issued Cabinet Decision No. 66 of 2023 concerning the Executive Regulations of Federal Law No. 15 of 2020 on Consumer Protection. The most prominent changes in the Executive Regulations include the additional safeguards granted to customers and guidance on prohibited clauses and conditions to be included in contracts and Terms & Conditions with customers. With the widespread use of e-commerce globally, the Executive Regulations have also brought e-commerce providers under its remit and placed additional responsibilities on such providers.