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On 13 December 2022, a provisional agreement has been reached between the EU Council and the European Parliament on the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). This mechanism will be set up to align the price of carbon for EU products covered by the EU Emission Trading Scheme with the price of carbon for imported goods from outside the EU. CBAM will contribute to ensure that the climate efforts of the EU are not undermined by shifting EU production to countries with less ambitious climate ambitions.

In a somewhat surprise move, it appears EU Member States have managed to reach preliminary agreement on a minimum level of taxation for largest corporations, also known as the Pillar 2 Directive. The Committee of Permanent Representatives reached the required unanimous support on 12 December 2022. While it is being reported that Poland has reiterated its previous concerns, we do not expect Poland to use its veto this time. With Hungary lifting its veto, this development may mean that the EU will be the frontrunner in implementation of Pillar 2, requiring EU Member States to transpose the Pillar 2 Directive into domestic laws by the end of 2023.

The H2Global Foundation announced on 8 December 2022 the launch by its wholly-owned subsidiary, HINT.CO GmbH, its first procurement procedure for the import of green ammonia into Europe. This procedure is intended to provide an innovative and efficient funding instrument, backed by EUR 900 million provided by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Protection, with further funding planned for 2023. This is the first global tender procedure of its kind. The deadline for application is 7 February 2023.

The European Commission has put forward a proposal to harmonize criminal offences and penalties for the violation of EU sanctions. The proposal follows a decision by the Council which identified the violation of EU sanctions as an EU crime and sets out common EU rules which will make it easier to investigate, prosecute and punish violations of EU sanctions in all Member States alike.

Latest Customs Audit and Enforcement Trends in Europe and the United Kingdom

In this session, our speakers discuss the legal framework and practical issues related to customs audits in Europe and the United Kingdom, areas of importance for EU and UK customs authorities during audits, and how to effectively prepare for and navigate customs audits. They also share key EU and UK customs enforcement updates and priorities, to include the latest developments relating to forced labor laws.

The EU Council has unanimously decided to add the violation of restrictive measures to the list of ‘EU crimes’. Currently Member States have different definitions of what constitutes a violation of EU sanctions and what penalties should be applied in the event of a violation. In a related development, the Justice ministers of France and Germany have jointly published an article which argues that the European Public Prosecutor’s Office should be given the competence to prosecute and punish violations of EU sanctions.